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Social Income

Climate Change

Climate change hits the poorest hardest. They farm the most vulnerable land, live in the most exposed areas, and have the least to fall back on. Steady, monthly income doesn't stop the weather. But it stops people from losing everything when it turns.

Relevant studies

Cash transfers help households cope with climate shocks

A randomized study of Zambia's Child Grant Programme found that cash transfers enabled poor rural households to maintain food security even after severe weather shocks and food price spikes.

University of North Carolina / UNICEF, 2017

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Cash transfers strengthen pastoral resilience in Kenya

Kenya's Hunger Safety Net Programme had significant positive effects on household resilience to climate shocks in arid pastoral counties.

Egerton University, 2023

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Anticipatory cash builds climate resilience in Nigeria

One-time anticipatory cash transfers to flood-prone communities significantly increased pre-emptive climate adaptive actions and reduced negative coping strategies.

IFPRI / International Rescue Committee, 2025

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Survey results from climate-affected recipients

Question 1 (Multiple choice)

What are the key categories that you spend your Social Income payments on?

123 responses in 124 surveys

Follow-up question for 82 individuals who selected more than one category

Please rank the selected spending categories from the most important to the least.

82 responses in 124 surveys

Question 2 (Single choice)

Do you have any dependents?

184 responses in 184 surveys

Follow-up question for 182 individuals who said Yes

How many people depend on you financially?

182 responses in 184 surveys

Question 3 (Single choice)

What is your marital status?

184 responses in 184 surveys

Question 4 (Single choice)

Where do you live?

184 responses in 184 surveys

Question 5 (Single choice)

Are you currently attending school?

82 responses in 184 surveys

Question 6 (Single choice)

What is your current employment status?

184 responses in 184 surveys

Follow-up question for 64 individuals who said Not employed

Are you currently looking for work?

64 responses in 184 surveys

Question 7 (Single choice)

Do you have a disability or illness that affects your possibilities of getting work or keeping your job?

184 responses in 184 surveys

Question 8 (Single choice)

Do you or other family members in your household ever skip meals because there wasn't enough money for food?

82 responses in 184 surveys

Follow-up question for 52 individuals who said Yes

Did this happen last week?

52 responses in 184 surveys

Follow-up question for 38 individuals who said Yes

Did you skip more than 3 meals in the past week?

38 responses in 184 surveys

Question 9 (Single choice)

Do you have enough money to cover unexpected expenses like seeing a doctor?

184 responses in 184 surveys

Question 10 (Single choice)

Are you currently able to save money?

184 responses in 184 surveys

Question 11 (Single choice)

Are you in debt?

135 responses in 135 surveys

Follow-up question for 88 individuals who said Yes

Are you able to repay the debt?

88 responses in 135 surveys

Question 12 (Single choice)

Is anyone in your household in debt?

135 responses in 135 surveys

Follow-up question for 73 individuals who said Yes

Are you the main person repaying the debt?

73 responses in 135 surveys

Question 13 (Single choice)

Are you currently receiving any other form of financial support from anywhere else?

135 responses in 135 surveys

Question 14 (Free text)

What do you hope to achieve within the next 3 years with Social Income?

10 responses in 11 surveys

Question 15 (Free text)

What do you hope to achieve within the remaining time in the Social Income program?

123 responses in 124 surveys

Question 16 (Single choice)

Did Social Income make you feel financially more secure and independent?

49 responses in 49 surveys

Question 17 (Free text)

What impact did Social Income have on your life?

20 responses in 20 surveys

Question 18 (Single choice)

Have you achieved what you hoped to over the course of the last three years?

20 responses in 20 surveys

Follow-up question for 6 individuals who said No

What has kept you from achieving this goal? Is there something we could have done to further support you? (e.g. mentoring, connections)

6 responses in 20 surveys

Question 19 (Single choice)

Has Social Income made you feel happier?

20 responses in 20 surveys

Follow-up question for 20 individuals who said Yes

How so?

0 responses in 20 surveys

Follow-up question for 0 individuals who said No

Can you tell us why?

0 responses in 20 surveys

Question 20 (Single choice)

Was three years of Social Income payments long enough to become financially stable?

49 responses in 49 surveys

Question 1 (Multiple choice)

What are the key categories that you spend your Social Income payments on?

123 responses in 124 surveys

Follow-up question for 82 individuals who selected more than one category

Please rank the selected spending categories from the most important to the least.

82 responses in 124 surveys

Question 2 (Single choice)

Do you have any dependents?

184 responses in 184 surveys

Follow-up question for 182 individuals who said Yes

How many people depend on you financially?

182 responses in 184 surveys

Question 3 (Single choice)

What is your marital status?

184 responses in 184 surveys

Question 4 (Single choice)

Where do you live?

184 responses in 184 surveys

Question 5 (Single choice)

Are you currently attending school?

82 responses in 184 surveys

Question 6 (Single choice)

What is your current employment status?

184 responses in 184 surveys

Follow-up question for 64 individuals who said Not employed

Are you currently looking for work?

64 responses in 184 surveys

Question 7 (Single choice)

Do you have a disability or illness that affects your possibilities of getting work or keeping your job?

184 responses in 184 surveys

Question 8 (Single choice)

Do you or other family members in your household ever skip meals because there wasn't enough money for food?

82 responses in 184 surveys

Follow-up question for 52 individuals who said Yes

Did this happen last week?

52 responses in 184 surveys

Follow-up question for 38 individuals who said Yes

Did you skip more than 3 meals in the past week?

38 responses in 184 surveys

Question 9 (Single choice)

Do you have enough money to cover unexpected expenses like seeing a doctor?

184 responses in 184 surveys

Question 10 (Single choice)

Are you currently able to save money?

184 responses in 184 surveys

Question 11 (Single choice)

Are you in debt?

135 responses in 135 surveys

Follow-up question for 88 individuals who said Yes

Are you able to repay the debt?

88 responses in 135 surveys

Question 12 (Single choice)

Is anyone in your household in debt?

135 responses in 135 surveys

Follow-up question for 73 individuals who said Yes

Are you the main person repaying the debt?

73 responses in 135 surveys

Question 13 (Single choice)

Are you currently receiving any other form of financial support from anywhere else?

135 responses in 135 surveys

Question 14 (Free text)

What do you hope to achieve within the next 3 years with Social Income?

10 responses in 11 surveys

Question 15 (Free text)

What do you hope to achieve within the remaining time in the Social Income program?

123 responses in 124 surveys

Question 16 (Single choice)

Did Social Income make you feel financially more secure and independent?

49 responses in 49 surveys

Question 17 (Free text)

What impact did Social Income have on your life?

20 responses in 20 surveys

Question 18 (Single choice)

Have you achieved what you hoped to over the course of the last three years?

20 responses in 20 surveys

Follow-up question for 6 individuals who said No

What has kept you from achieving this goal? Is there something we could have done to further support you? (e.g. mentoring, connections)

6 responses in 20 surveys

Question 19 (Single choice)

Has Social Income made you feel happier?

20 responses in 20 surveys

Follow-up question for 20 individuals who said Yes

How so?

0 responses in 20 surveys

Follow-up question for 0 individuals who said No

Can you tell us why?

0 responses in 20 surveys

Question 20 (Single choice)

Was three years of Social Income payments long enough to become financially stable?

49 responses in 49 surveys

Connect

Resources

Our work

Climate Change

Relevant studies

Cash transfers help households cope with climate shocks

Cash transfers strengthen pastoral resilience in Kenya

Anticipatory cash builds climate resilience in Nigeria

Survey results from climate-affected recipients

What are the key categories that you spend your Social Income payments on?

Please rank the selected spending categories from the most important to the least.

Do you have any dependents?

How many people depend on you financially?

What is your marital status?

Where do you live?

Are you currently attending school?

What is your current employment status?

Are you currently looking for work?

Do you have a disability or illness that affects your possibilities of getting work or keeping your job?

Do you or other family members in your household ever skip meals because there wasn't enough money for food?

Did this happen last week?

Did you skip more than 3 meals in the past week?

Do you have enough money to cover unexpected expenses like seeing a doctor?

Are you currently able to save money?

Are you in debt?

Are you able to repay the debt?

Is anyone in your household in debt?

Are you the main person repaying the debt?

Are you currently receiving any other form of financial support from anywhere else?

What do you hope to achieve within the next 3 years with Social Income?

What do you hope to achieve within the remaining time in the Social Income program?

Did Social Income make you feel financially more secure and independent?

What impact did Social Income have on your life?

Have you achieved what you hoped to over the course of the last three years?

What has kept you from achieving this goal? Is there something we could have done to further support you? (e.g. mentoring, connections)

Has Social Income made you feel happier?

How so?

Can you tell us why?

Was three years of Social Income payments long enough to become financially stable?

What are the key categories that you spend your Social Income payments on?

Please rank the selected spending categories from the most important to the least.

Do you have any dependents?

How many people depend on you financially?

What is your marital status?

Where do you live?

Are you currently attending school?

What is your current employment status?

Are you currently looking for work?

Do you have a disability or illness that affects your possibilities of getting work or keeping your job?

Do you or other family members in your household ever skip meals because there wasn't enough money for food?

Did this happen last week?

Did you skip more than 3 meals in the past week?

Do you have enough money to cover unexpected expenses like seeing a doctor?

Are you currently able to save money?

Are you in debt?

Are you able to repay the debt?

Is anyone in your household in debt?

Are you the main person repaying the debt?

Are you currently receiving any other form of financial support from anywhere else?

What do you hope to achieve within the next 3 years with Social Income?

What do you hope to achieve within the remaining time in the Social Income program?

Did Social Income make you feel financially more secure and independent?

What impact did Social Income have on your life?

Have you achieved what you hoped to over the course of the last three years?

What has kept you from achieving this goal? Is there something we could have done to further support you? (e.g. mentoring, connections)

Has Social Income made you feel happier?

How so?

Can you tell us why?

Was three years of Social Income payments long enough to become financially stable?

Cacao Farmers