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Social Income

Coastal

Coastal communities depend on the sea. But rising waters, declining fish stocks, and extreme weather are making that dependence a risk. Steady, monthly income gives fishing families room to adapt: diversify, relocate gear, or ride out a bad season.

Relevant studies

Cash transfers strengthen pastoral resilience in Kenya

Kenya's Hunger Safety Net Programme had significant positive effects on household resilience to climate shocks in arid pastoral counties.

Egerton University, 2023

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Anticipatory cash builds climate resilience in Nigeria

One-time anticipatory cash transfers to flood-prone communities significantly increased pre-emptive climate adaptive actions and reduced negative coping strategies.

IFPRI / International Rescue Committee, 2025

Read study

Cash transfers increase fish consumption in Tanzania

A conditional cash transfer program in Tanzania increased fish consumption among the poorest coastal households, improving nutrition through access to affordable local fish.

University of Chicago Press, 2023

Read study

Survey results from coastal recipients

Question 1 (Multiple choice)

What are the key categories that you spend your Social Income payments on?

105 responses in 106 surveys

Follow-up question for 83 individuals who selected more than one category

Please rank the selected spending categories from the most important to the least.

83 responses in 106 surveys

Question 2 (Single choice)

Do you have any dependents?

166 responses in 166 surveys

Follow-up question for 163 individuals who said Yes

How many people depend on you financially?

163 responses in 166 surveys

Question 3 (Single choice)

What is your marital status?

166 responses in 166 surveys

Question 4 (Single choice)

Where do you live?

166 responses in 166 surveys

Question 5 (Single choice)

Are you currently attending school?

64 responses in 166 surveys

Question 6 (Single choice)

What is your current employment status?

166 responses in 166 surveys

Follow-up question for 54 individuals who said Not employed

Are you currently looking for work?

54 responses in 166 surveys

Question 7 (Single choice)

Do you have a disability or illness that affects your possibilities of getting work or keeping your job?

166 responses in 166 surveys

Question 8 (Single choice)

Do you or other family members in your household ever skip meals because there wasn't enough money for food?

64 responses in 166 surveys

Follow-up question for 35 individuals who said Yes

Did this happen last week?

35 responses in 166 surveys

Follow-up question for 26 individuals who said Yes

Did you skip more than 3 meals in the past week?

26 responses in 166 surveys

Question 9 (Single choice)

Do you have enough money to cover unexpected expenses like seeing a doctor?

166 responses in 166 surveys

Question 10 (Single choice)

Are you currently able to save money?

166 responses in 166 surveys

Question 11 (Single choice)

Are you in debt?

117 responses in 117 surveys

Follow-up question for 72 individuals who said Yes

Are you able to repay the debt?

72 responses in 117 surveys

Question 12 (Single choice)

Is anyone in your household in debt?

117 responses in 117 surveys

Follow-up question for 63 individuals who said Yes

Are you the main person repaying the debt?

63 responses in 117 surveys

Question 13 (Single choice)

Are you currently receiving any other form of financial support from anywhere else?

117 responses in 117 surveys

Question 14 (Free text)

What do you hope to achieve within the next 3 years with Social Income?

10 responses in 11 surveys

Question 15 (Free text)

What do you hope to achieve within the remaining time in the Social Income program?

105 responses in 106 surveys

Question 16 (Single choice)

Did Social Income make you feel financially more secure and independent?

49 responses in 49 surveys

Question 17 (Free text)

What impact did Social Income have on your life?

20 responses in 20 surveys

Question 18 (Single choice)

Have you achieved what you hoped to over the course of the last three years?

20 responses in 20 surveys

Follow-up question for 6 individuals who said No

What has kept you from achieving this goal? Is there something we could have done to further support you? (e.g. mentoring, connections)

6 responses in 20 surveys

Question 19 (Single choice)

Has Social Income made you feel happier?

20 responses in 20 surveys

Follow-up question for 20 individuals who said Yes

How so?

0 responses in 20 surveys

Follow-up question for 0 individuals who said No

Can you tell us why?

0 responses in 20 surveys

Question 20 (Single choice)

Was three years of Social Income payments long enough to become financially stable?

49 responses in 49 surveys

Question 1 (Multiple choice)

What are the key categories that you spend your Social Income payments on?

105 responses in 106 surveys

Follow-up question for 83 individuals who selected more than one category

Please rank the selected spending categories from the most important to the least.

83 responses in 106 surveys

Question 2 (Single choice)

Do you have any dependents?

166 responses in 166 surveys

Follow-up question for 163 individuals who said Yes

How many people depend on you financially?

163 responses in 166 surveys

Question 3 (Single choice)

What is your marital status?

166 responses in 166 surveys

Question 4 (Single choice)

Where do you live?

166 responses in 166 surveys

Question 5 (Single choice)

Are you currently attending school?

64 responses in 166 surveys

Question 6 (Single choice)

What is your current employment status?

166 responses in 166 surveys

Follow-up question for 54 individuals who said Not employed

Are you currently looking for work?

54 responses in 166 surveys

Question 7 (Single choice)

Do you have a disability or illness that affects your possibilities of getting work or keeping your job?

166 responses in 166 surveys

Question 8 (Single choice)

Do you or other family members in your household ever skip meals because there wasn't enough money for food?

64 responses in 166 surveys

Follow-up question for 35 individuals who said Yes

Did this happen last week?

35 responses in 166 surveys

Follow-up question for 26 individuals who said Yes

Did you skip more than 3 meals in the past week?

26 responses in 166 surveys

Question 9 (Single choice)

Do you have enough money to cover unexpected expenses like seeing a doctor?

166 responses in 166 surveys

Question 10 (Single choice)

Are you currently able to save money?

166 responses in 166 surveys

Question 11 (Single choice)

Are you in debt?

117 responses in 117 surveys

Follow-up question for 72 individuals who said Yes

Are you able to repay the debt?

72 responses in 117 surveys

Question 12 (Single choice)

Is anyone in your household in debt?

117 responses in 117 surveys

Follow-up question for 63 individuals who said Yes

Are you the main person repaying the debt?

63 responses in 117 surveys

Question 13 (Single choice)

Are you currently receiving any other form of financial support from anywhere else?

117 responses in 117 surveys

Question 14 (Free text)

What do you hope to achieve within the next 3 years with Social Income?

10 responses in 11 surveys

Question 15 (Free text)

What do you hope to achieve within the remaining time in the Social Income program?

105 responses in 106 surveys

Question 16 (Single choice)

Did Social Income make you feel financially more secure and independent?

49 responses in 49 surveys

Question 17 (Free text)

What impact did Social Income have on your life?

20 responses in 20 surveys

Question 18 (Single choice)

Have you achieved what you hoped to over the course of the last three years?

20 responses in 20 surveys

Follow-up question for 6 individuals who said No

What has kept you from achieving this goal? Is there something we could have done to further support you? (e.g. mentoring, connections)

6 responses in 20 surveys

Question 19 (Single choice)

Has Social Income made you feel happier?

20 responses in 20 surveys

Follow-up question for 20 individuals who said Yes

How so?

0 responses in 20 surveys

Follow-up question for 0 individuals who said No

Can you tell us why?

0 responses in 20 surveys

Question 20 (Single choice)

Was three years of Social Income payments long enough to become financially stable?

49 responses in 49 surveys

Connect

Resources

Our work

Coastal

Relevant studies

Cash transfers strengthen pastoral resilience in Kenya

Anticipatory cash builds climate resilience in Nigeria

Cash transfers increase fish consumption in Tanzania

Survey results from coastal recipients

What are the key categories that you spend your Social Income payments on?

Please rank the selected spending categories from the most important to the least.

Do you have any dependents?

How many people depend on you financially?

What is your marital status?

Where do you live?

Are you currently attending school?

What is your current employment status?

Are you currently looking for work?

Do you have a disability or illness that affects your possibilities of getting work or keeping your job?

Do you or other family members in your household ever skip meals because there wasn't enough money for food?

Did this happen last week?

Did you skip more than 3 meals in the past week?

Do you have enough money to cover unexpected expenses like seeing a doctor?

Are you currently able to save money?

Are you in debt?

Are you able to repay the debt?

Is anyone in your household in debt?

Are you the main person repaying the debt?

Are you currently receiving any other form of financial support from anywhere else?

What do you hope to achieve within the next 3 years with Social Income?

What do you hope to achieve within the remaining time in the Social Income program?

Did Social Income make you feel financially more secure and independent?

What impact did Social Income have on your life?

Have you achieved what you hoped to over the course of the last three years?

What has kept you from achieving this goal? Is there something we could have done to further support you? (e.g. mentoring, connections)

Has Social Income made you feel happier?

How so?

Can you tell us why?

Was three years of Social Income payments long enough to become financially stable?

What are the key categories that you spend your Social Income payments on?

Please rank the selected spending categories from the most important to the least.

Do you have any dependents?

How many people depend on you financially?

What is your marital status?

Where do you live?

Are you currently attending school?

What is your current employment status?

Are you currently looking for work?

Do you have a disability or illness that affects your possibilities of getting work or keeping your job?

Do you or other family members in your household ever skip meals because there wasn't enough money for food?

Did this happen last week?

Did you skip more than 3 meals in the past week?

Do you have enough money to cover unexpected expenses like seeing a doctor?

Are you currently able to save money?

Are you in debt?

Are you able to repay the debt?

Is anyone in your household in debt?

Are you the main person repaying the debt?

Are you currently receiving any other form of financial support from anywhere else?

What do you hope to achieve within the next 3 years with Social Income?

What do you hope to achieve within the remaining time in the Social Income program?

Did Social Income make you feel financially more secure and independent?

What impact did Social Income have on your life?

Have you achieved what you hoped to over the course of the last three years?

What has kept you from achieving this goal? Is there something we could have done to further support you? (e.g. mentoring, connections)

Has Social Income made you feel happier?

How so?

Can you tell us why?

Was three years of Social Income payments long enough to become financially stable?

Island Income

Sierra Leone Unconditional